Human Population Size And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

Human tribe Size And Climate Change Environmental Sciences EssayOver the years, human society has changed the local ecological ashes and cause the change of officeal climate. Today, mankind has begun to affect the entire planets climate. The worlds cosmos in the next 12 to 13 years will increase more than 1 one million million. It is predicted that by 2020, the commonwealth will increase to 76 billion from the current 6.5 billion, in 2030 to 8.2 billion, in 2050 to staggering 9.0 billion. There is a huge gap among population growth and food sum up growth. When the population growth exceeds the capacity of the food supply, famine is inevitable. The more people mean needing more air, piddle supply, and more housing, information and employment opportunities. To meet these, people will ignore the prevention and treatment of the serious consequences of climate change. But climate change has caused spherical warming and ascent sea levels, which could lead to the destruction of the Earths civilization with extinct any measures. Humanity in the process of production and consumption make destruction, pollution and impact on the environment, entirely changed environment also affects the survival of mankind. The relationship between population and the environment has been objective relationship since the origins of mankind. The population development is a special kind of favorable process, which is mainly determined by economic and societal conditions. During a social process, population and environment have the opposite and unity relation of interrelatedness, interaction, and mutual rest rain downt. This render will first discuss the development of population size and the problem. Following this, it will let out the impact of population on the climate. Finally it will describe impact of climate on the population.Development of population size and the problemOverall, the worlds population growth is relatively fast. The second half of the 20th century, t he world had an r ar speedy population growth. Not only the population growth rate reached a historic peak level and increment of the population exceeded the total assemblage population in more than 200 million years of human history. U.S. Census Bureau data showed that the worlds population in 1930 reached 20 billion, in 1974 to 40 million, in 1987 to 50 million, in 1999 to reach 6.0 billion. The population growth rate has been accelerating in the 20th century. The worlds population had doubled in 1850-1950 years, while in 1950-1990 a short period of four decades had doubled. At present, in the world about 365,000 people born every day, of which 57% born in Asia, 26% in Africa, 9% in Latin America, 5% in Europe, but was born in North America and only 3%. In addition, less than 1% of the population is born in Oceania and the oceanic islands. After subtracting the follow of deaths, the global average daily increase is nearly 21 million people. The Earth increases by nearly 80 milli on people each year, almost equivalent to a large population country. India is one of the worlds youngest population countries, more than half of the interior(a) smaller than 25 years of age, 1/3 of the population smaller than 15 years(Ehrlich, 1997).. World state Prospects published by United Nations predicts that by 2050, Indias population will increase to 1.593 billionIn this century many scientific observations indicate that concentrations of greenhouse gases in atmospheric are increasing. Prior to 1750, atmospheric atomic number 6 dioxide levels remained at 280ppm. After the industrial revolution, as human activities, especially the growing consumption of fossil fuels (coal, oil, etc.), massive destruction of forest vegetation and the growing unreal emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, atmospheric carbon dioxide level gradually increases, per year increasing 1.8ppm (about 0.4%), and it has risen to nearly 360ppm so far. In the past century, global average surface temperature has risen by 0.3 to 0.6 , the global sea level rise of 10-25 cm (EPA, 2006). Recent years, countries around the world have emerged the hottest suffer everywhere centuries, and the frequent occurrence of El Nio phenomenon, which have caused tremendous economic losses. With the reduction in per capita grain area, more and more countries bear the adventure of loss of food self-sufficiency. The extension of peeing scarcity is perhaps the most undervalued resource problems in the contemporary world. However, in any areas where the population is still growing, per capita sportsmanlike piss supply is decreasing.Impact of population on the climateIn the human production and life, over-grazing, deforestation makes the soil erosion, land degradation super-exploitation of resources has led to depletion of a lot of natural resources a variety of waste emissions cause serious environmental pollution and damage, which cause a series of global environmental issues. Popu lation size, distribution, migration have also a huge impact on regional ecological environment. At present, the environmental changes caused by the rapid population growth and rapid development of urbanization have begun to affect the global biogeochemical cycles and long-term climate change, and become an important eco-driving force for large-scale changes in the environment and population.1). According to UN information, per capita civilized land was 0.31 hectares in 1975, and in 2000 it drop to 0.1 hectares due to population growth. In the condition of huge population and the relative decrease in the arable land, heave yield per unit area is a positive way to increase the grain. It relies mainly on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to reach the aim. However, large-scale use of fertilizers and pesticides has brought serious environmental problems such as soil compaction, poor physical and chemical properties, organic matter reduction and the fertility decline. 2). Forest is a n important factor to maintain the character of the environment for human survival. However, population growth is bound to destroy forest for cultivated land, or to build a house. As a result, an increasing number of forest resources are destroyed. Forest area on the planet had reached 76 million hectares, in 1962 reducing to 55 million hectares, in 1975 reducing to 26 million hectares. According to the calculation of Ameri squeeze out scholar, with the population growth, depletion of forests will be extended to the year 2020. Then forest area will stabilize at 1.8 billion hectares, of which about 1.45 billion hectares are in developed countries, only 370 million hectares in developing countries. Because the forests are heavily exploited, topsoil on the landed estate existence that are washed away are 24 billion tons every year, loss of several million tons of fertilizer, having a outstanding bad impact on farmers and bearstock production. 3). Rapid growth and high concentratio n of population have brought tremendous pressure on the environment. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious mankind facing problems, such as air pollution, water pollution, traffic congestion, noise nuisance, accumulation of garbage and so on. Population growth will increase carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the atmosphere due to respiration, combustion and industrial development, which may cause acid rain and photochemical smog events. More serious is to cause the earths average temperature increase to affect climate due to the greenhouse effect caused by the increase in carbon dioxide, resulting in serious damage to the planets ecosystems (Smith, 2008).Impact of climate on the populationPopulation distribution, migration and the quantity and quality depend on certain region environmental conditions to a considerable extent. Therefore, the relationship between population and the environment have obvious regional characteristics because of the differen t regional conditions. Integrated resource supply capacity of environment plays an important role in population distribution and migration. Quantity and quality of the population are affected by natural and social environment, the dual constraints. Population is the unity of its quantity characteristics and quality characteristics. Population quantity and population characteristics and physical appearance are all severely constrained by the environment. The demographic impacts of climate change on population are mainly in the following aspects.1) Population growth makes a pressure on water supply and demand pressure, even without considering the impact of climate change, by 2050 there will also be 5 billion people facing water shortage situation, more than half of the worlds population. Impact of climate change makes the water problem even worse. Rivers dried up and falling water table are regarded as evidence of shortage of water resources, such as the Nile, the Yellow River and th e Colorado River, which almost have waterless flowing to sea. At present, the world water tables of major grain-producing areas are falling on every continent. The U.S. southern Great Plains, the North China Plain and in most parts of India, groundwater aquifers are proper increasingly dried up. Inter subject field Water Management Institute predicts that in 2050 year in some countries a total of about 1 billion people live will face absolute water scarcity situation. These countries will reduce agricultural water to meet the needs of residents and industrial water demand. China and India are considered the worlds two major agricultural irrigation countries, and will have a significant reduction in irrigation water supply (Leigh, 2007). 2) Extreme weather and sea level rise have the most serious effect on the coastal and low-elevation areas, and coastal areas accounting for 2% of the total land live on 10% of the population around the world. Take Bangladesh and China for example, i n 1990 to-2000 years, population growth rate living in coastal areas is twice the national rate of population growth. In the negative effects of sea-level rise and essential weather, number of living people is growing. Others such as landslides, flash floods and frozen(p) lake overflow and other issues also have impact on the human. It is expected 40% of the worlds population will be affected by the Asian bus glaciers and snow melting. 3) The agricultural productivity reduces. Tropical and subtropical agriculture are most affected, because the regions crop is already under the extreme climate varieties. As the population growth, reduced crop output and increasingly higher food prices, to 2080, will cause 90000000-125000000 population in developing countries facing the problem of hunger. 4) The global climate change often leads to severe changes of regional climate and weather, which have wide-ranging implications on human health. Global climate warming causes more arouse in summ er and temperate in winter, which is accompanied by an increase in frequency and intensity of heat waves. Humidity increase aggravates the effect of extreme heat in summer on human health. In temperate regions, high temperature increases the number of deaths during the day to day. For example, the United States during the heat wave in Chicago in 1995, the death was over 500, of which the highest mortality is at older ages. The future, as increase in frequency and intensity of heat waves, deaths number and serious illnesses caused by extreme high temperature events will increase. Also, because of air pollution, during the heat wave in 1995, the United States, it was estimated that more than half the number of deaths was caused by increased air pollution (Jonathan A. Patz, 2005). barrage causes casualties and infectious diseases to increase (P. Martens, 1999). Drought affects food production, and exacerbates the existing situation of malnutrition, inducing famine to affect human heal th. During the drought and water shortages, the water only is used for cooking but not for health, so that it increases the risk of disease and epidemic disease outbreaks.ConclusionSir Nicholas Stern in 2006, in Stern Report pointed out that climate change could trigger the worst ever and the most extensive market failure. He warned that the world must invest one per cent of realize domestic product to slow the effects of climate change, the cost of failure to do so is the economic downturn of up to 20 percent of being the worlds gross domestic product. Climate change is a serious challenge to the whole world, and has an extensive impact on human well-being and safety. According to IPCC estimation, by 2050, due to coastal flooding, shoreline erosion and agricultural pollution and other reasons, there will be 150 million refugees. Investment in family planning and generative health, girl education, women empowerment and economic opportunities and youth development can accelerate de mographic transition in the least developed countries and developing countries, so that they can seize the demographic dividend, to achieve economic growth, while to enhance the ability to address climate change. In strategies of adaptation to climate change, demographic factors should not come on to be ignored. It is necessary to take effective measures to meet the worlds most vulnerable populations, including womens needs. Universal population policy of voluntary contraception, comprehensive consideration of population dynamics and development of poverty reduction will ultimately achieve sustainable population development adapting to climate change.